AN UNBIASED VIEW OF MEDIEVAL BANNER DESIGNS

The normal appears to are actually adopted with the Unique function of exhibiting badges. "The badge was worn on his livery by a servant as retainer, and Therefore the regular by which he mustered in camp was of your livery colours, and bore the badge, with both of which the retainer was common."[2]A black flag was used by the ʿAbbāsids in 746 ce